This article examines the role of media education as a key instrument for developing citizens’ critical competence amidst the rapid digitalization and transformation of Uzbekistan’s information space. Based on an analysis of the evolution of media literacy in the republic—from Jadidist enlightenment to modern digital initiatives—the author justifies the necessity of shifting from technical ICT skills to the development of critical analysis and information verification skills. The article analyzes theoretical approaches to media literacy, the specifics of disinformation spread in the Uzbek segment of the internet, and the institutional role of the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan in training media-competent specialists. Special attention is paid to the “Uzbek model” of media education, which considers national-cultural specificities. Strategic recommendations are proposed for integrating media literacy into the continuous education system to ensure the information security of individuals and society.