This study examines the key features of demographic change and urbanization in the cities of the Ab sheron–Khizi economic region from a geographical perspective. The primary objective is to identify trends in urban population growth, analyze urbanization processes, and determine the main factors influencing the formation of the demographic structure. The research is based on statistical analysis, a comparative geographical approach, and cartographic methods supported by GIS technologies. The findings indicate that population growth in the region’s urban areas is largely driven by internal migration and the expansion of urban economic activities. Under the influence of the capital city, suburbanization processes have intensified, leading to the emergence of new residential zones in peri-urban areas and contributing to spatial disparities in pop ulation distribution. At the same time, the analysis of age and gender composition reveals a relatively high proportion of the working-age population, which positively contributes to the region’s economic development po tential. The assessment of demographic dependency ratios highlights their significance for the effec tive planning of social infrastructure and the optimization of employment policies. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that demographic dynamics in the urban areas of the Absheron Khizi economic region are strongly shaped by urbanization processes. Ensuring sustainable regional development requires consideration of the spatial characteristics of population growth, balanced ex pansion of social services, and the application of demographic forecasting tools.