The article examines the modern socio-demographic structure of the city of Baku and provides a description of the ongoing demographic processes under the influence of various economic and geo-graphical factors. In the development plan of the Baku urban agglomeration, a detailed structural de-scription of individual administrative districts of the city of Baku is given and overpopulated areas and the level of uneven distribution of the population in the city are identified. As a result of the study, measures are proposed to optimize the urban environment in the context of modern urbanization pro-cesses.