This article examines the theme of heroism in the texts of the Old Testament and its archetypal role in world literature. Heroism in biblical narratives is presented not merely as physical strength or military valor, but primarily as a form of spiritual endurance and moral struggle. Special attention is given to the figures of Abraham, Job, and Saul, whose stories reflect inner conflict, doubt, and responsibility before divine will. The biblical hero is often placed in situations that require a difficult choice between personal desire and a higher moral law. These narratives create enduring archetypes that have significantly influenced later literary traditions. The article draws parallels between Old Testament motifs and the works of William Shakespeare, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Franz Kafka. It demonstrates that the psychological complexity and tragic depth of biblical characters are echoed in the protagonists of modern literature. Thus, the Old Testament is analyzed as a foundational source in the formation of heroic archetypes within world literature.