Along with the increase in the world population, the number and types of various diseases are also showing an increasing trend. This creates an important need to design and test a large number of drug molecules for the treatment of diseases. Throughout history, compounds existing in nature have been widely used for the treatment of diseases. Chalcones are widely distributed in nature in various plants and have been intensively used in medicine due to their biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Despite the simplicity of the structure of these molecules and the ease of the synthesis process, their biological activities are significantly broad. Thus, as a result of the development of synthesis methods and biological studies, the structure of chalcones distributed in nature has been studied in depth, new chalcone derivatives have been synthesised based on these structures, and as a result of biological studies, it has been found that new chalcone derivatives, especially halogen-bearing chalcone molecules, exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity. According to the results of recent studies, bromine and chlorine-containing chalcone molecules exhibit better anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activity compared to existing antibiotics and drugs. This article is devoted to a review of recent scientific research works on the synthesis and biological studies of new derivatives of chalcones, mainly halogen derivatives.