This article examines the new female images formed in 20th century Azerbaijani literature and their ideological and aesthetic connections with the Eastern literary tradition. The study analyzes the transformation of the female image from the idealized and passive model found in classical Eastern literature into a new type characterized by social activity, independent thinking, and active participation in social life in the 20th century. This transformation of female identity is explained within the context of enlightenment ideas, socio-political changes, and Western influences, while also highlighting its connection to national and cultural roots. The article comparatively explores the artistic representation of female images based on the works of Y. V. Chamanzaminli, J. Jabbarli, H. Javid, and Hamida Javanshir. Particular attention is paid to issues such as women’s freedom, education, moral choice, and the formation of personality. The research concludes that the new female image in 20th century Azerbaijani literature developed not through a complete break from tradition, but through a dialogue with Eastern literary heritage, forming a synthesis of tradition and modernity. In this regard, the article provides an opportunity to evaluate the evolution of the female image in both national and universal contexts.