In this investigation we collected and systematized the data known in the scientific literature about the specific valuable characteristics of Geranium macrorrhizum L. and the biological activity of geranium essential oil. We used information collected through systematic computer searches among the most reputable scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus. We fended the differences between the representative geranium (Bulgarian geranium) and pelargonium. Both are aromatic plants, distributed throughout the world, mainly in subtropical and temperate climates. Only in Bulgaria are essential oils, concretes, and absolutes produced – aromatic products with valuable odor and fixing qualities. The geranium bouquet is still present in Bulgarian traditions and rituals today. The Bulgarian people have given the geranium the most expensive name for its most valuable gift – health. Herbalists even call it "the second Bulgarian rose" or "the poor man's rose". If a Bulgarian village had its own coat of arms, it would necessarily have a geranium on. Accordance to Lis Balchin (1996), the misunderstanding is comming form the mixing of the two species since the time of Carl Linnaeus at 1778. The differences between the chemical constituents and their biological activities of two representatives are in the primary uses - G. macrorrhizum L. is in phytotherapy, while pelargonium oil is in perfumery, cosmetics, and aromatherapy.