Protection of ecological balance and sustainable agriculture approaches are of great importance in minimizing environmental impacts and efficient use of natural resources. In this context, biological applications attract attention because they offer environmentally friendly and effective solutions. Microbial biosensors constitute important alternatives especially in monitoring parameters such as pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture and water quality. Because the use of microorganisms that are sensitive to environmental changes in microbial biosensors enables early detection of pollution and development of management strategies. At the same time, these biosensors minimize the negative effects of environmental factors on agricultural production by making low-cost, fast and high-precision measurements. At the same time, microbial biosensors contribute to the protection of natural ecosystems by providing efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for the dissemination of practices that serve sustainable agriculture. Thus, it will be possible to contribute to the sustainable development of agriculture without harming the ecological balance.