The distribution and antimicrobial properties of microorganisms, especially actinomycetes, in the various soil types in the Karabakh region was studied. The richest soil sample in actinomycetes was the soil of Shusha, which contained 46 strains. Samples taken from the soils of Gubadli and Fizuli contained 22 and 20 strains of actinomycetes, respectively. Among them, both white and gray aerial spore-forming mycelia were observed. The studied actinomycetes exhibited varying levels of antimicrobial activity, which was most pronounced against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. All nine examined strains, based on their morphological and cultural traits, belongув to the genus Streptomyces.